The person who sorts out your estate (property, money and possessions) when you die and carries out the instructions in your will is called your executor. You can choose whoever you like to do this job, but there are factors to consider helping you make the right choice.
What does an executor do?
Your executor takes on the job of carrying out the instructions you leave in your will when you die.
It can be a complicated job even if your instructions and your property are quite simple – it’s not unusual for the process to take several months.
The job of an executor is sometimes difficult. For example, they might have to:
- decide when to sell your property so the people who inherit the proceeds get the most money
- make sure the right amount of Inheritance Tax, Capital Gains Tax or Income Tax gets paid.
Who can be an executor of a will?
Many people choose their spouse or civil partner, or their children, to be an executor. Some pay firms to complete this task. At least one of your executors will need to be aged over 18 at the time they apply for probate – which is a legal document that gives you the right to sort out the affairs of someone who has died.
There’s no rule against people named in your will as beneficiaries being your executors. In fact, this is very common.
A person under the age of 18 can be appointed as an executor in a will but won't be entitled to apply for probate until their 18th birthday.
If the young person (under 18) is also a beneficiary or has life interest in any of the assets under the will, then two executors are required.
Up to four executors can act at a time, but they all have to act jointly. So it might not be practical to appoint that many people.
It’s a good idea, though, to choose two executors in case one of them dies before you do or ‘renounce probate’ if they do not want the job. If an executor dies, any other surviving executor(s) can deal with the estate. It is possible to name a replacement executor in your Will in case one of the executors cannot act.
Some people choose a professional executor such as a solicitor, account, bank or probate/estate administration specialist to act for them, but charges can be expensive.
The cost varies depending on which type of professional executor you use, and how complicated your estate is. Using a professional executor can cost anything from:
£500 - £2,000 for Grant of Probate (depending on whether you need help with IHT form IHT400)
£3,500 to £20,000 or more for full probate and estate administration
It is helpful to have someone involved with specialist knowledge but your executors can always appoint professionals at the time to help them if they need it – which may be more cost effective.
You can appoint substitute executors to cover the situation if your first choice dies before you.
Find out more about applying for probate or confirmation in your country in our guide What to do when someone dies and leaves a will.
What makes a good executor?
Watch out
If you leave something to a person in your will, they can still be your executor, but they can’t be one of your will’s official witnesses.
Above all, you must choose somebody you trust.
It’s going to be up to your executor to follow the instructions in your will and to find fair solutions to any disagreements.
It’s helpful if your executor is good at paperwork and managing legal issues but not essential. They can appoint professionals to help them at the time if they need to.
Family members as executors
If there’s someone in your family who you think will handle the job well, it can be a good idea to have them as an executor.
For example, it’s common to name one of your children, a niece or nephew or an adult grandchild.
Make sure you ask if they’re happy to do the job before you write your will though – if they say no, you’ll have to get your will changed.
Think carefully before choosing your husband, wife or partner as your only executor.
They’ll be dealing with your death. By naming somebody else to be an executor with your husband, wife or partner, you can at least take the burden of the paperwork off their shoulders.
Using professionals as executors
Some people do choose a solicitors, accountants, banks and probate/estate administration specialist, as one of the executors. The plus side to this is that they’re experienced and know their way around legal, tax and property issues.
But it is much more expensive to have professional executors act for you. There are different ways a professional executor might charge:
- by agreeing a fixed fee upfront – meaning you have a good idea of the cost upfront
- by sending a bill for their time when your things have all been sorted out
- by taking a share of the total value of your estate – this might be written into your will, but is also how many firms like to charge.
To avoid automatically appointing an expensive professional firm to be your executor, choose someone you trust who is willing to be executor in the first instance. They won't charge for their time but can appoint professionals at the time to help if they need it.
If you want to appoint a professional, make sure you understand how cost before you commit to appointing them in your will.
If the family doesn’t want a professional executor, who has been appointed, to be involved
It is possible that a professional executor that has already been appointed may refuse to step down (where there is a family dispute for example) but most firms will accept a request to step down as an executor.
Before you choose a professional executor, ask the firm you plan to use what their process is, if your next of kin decide they want to do it themselves. They should have a 'renouncing' process, and you should also ask if there is a fee involved to step down as an executor.
If you don’t have anyone who can be an executor
As a last resort, there’s a government official called the Public Trustee who will be your executor if there’s really nobody else who can do it. They’ll take a percentage of the total value of your estate before any tax is deducted. The amount depends on the value of the estate after you die.
The most common situation where the Public Trustee will step in is if your will leaves everything to one person and that person can’t act as executor himself or herself. For example, a child or an adult whose disability means they’re incapable of managing financial affairs.
Find out more about the Public TrusteeOpens in a new window on GOV.UK
When you’ve chosen your executor
Make sure you confirm your executor’s full name and address in your will, so they can be found.
